The International Conference on Cycad Biology, held every 3 years since its inception in 1987, is a prominent meeting centering on all aspects of the biology of this unusual, important, and interesting group of plants. The conference stimulates research in fields as diverse as horticulture and neurobiology: it also promotes ex-situ and in-situ conservation globally. Having survived for 250 million years, cycads now find themselves endangered as a result of human activity. This volume, comprised of 30 papers, addresses the issue from angles that include conservation biology, pest control, the role of insects and birds in cycad biology, and the role of cycads in various human cultural contexts.
